The most common AFt and AFm phases in hydrated cement are: Ettringite: ettringite is present as rodlike crystals in the early stages of reaction or sometimes as massive growths filling pores or cracks in mature concrete or mortar. The chemical formula for ettringite is [Ca 3 Al(OH) 2 O] 2 O] or, mixing notations, C 3 2 O. Monosulfate: monosulfate tends to occur in the later stages of .